Eye infections and diseases can result when harmful microorganisms penetrate any part of the eyeball or the area nearby. These microorganisms can be fungi, bacteria, or viruses. The parts of the eye that can be infected are the clear part from the surface, called the cornea, and the thinnest layer that lines the inner eyelids (conjunctiva) and outer eye.

Symptoms of eye infections and diseases

• Pain in the eyes
• Red eyes
• Watery eyes
• Eye discharge
• Sensitivity to light
• Dry eyes
• Itching
• Swelling around the eyes
• Blurry vision

Types of eye infections and their causes

Conjunctivitis
Also known as pink eye, this is a contagious and very common eye infection, often seen spreading among classroom and daycare children as well as other similar environments. It can have bacterial or viral origins. Daycare workers and teachers are at a high risk of contracting pink eye if they work closely with young children who have conjunctivitis. Infants can also contract this eye infection from the mother during birth if she has a sexually transmitted disease.

Fungal keratitis

This eye infection is caused by Fusarium fungi, which is usually found in organic matter. Some years ago, this type of eye infection made worldwide news and was caused by a poor-quality contact lens solution. This fungi, as well as other ones, can penetrate the eyes in many ways like invading it through an injury caused by a tree branch.

Viral keratitis

Apart from common conjunctivitis, there are other viral eye infections like ocular herpes. This occurs due to exposure to the virus called Herpes simplex.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

People who wear contact lenses are at a greater risk of encountering parasites, which can attack the eye, leading to a serious infection called Acanthamoeba keratitis. This is a sight-threatening infection. Therefore, it is crucial to adhere to strict safety and hygiene tips while wearing contact lenses.

Endophthalmitis

Bacterial endophthalmitis is an eye infection that can penetrate the interior of the eye, resulting in blindness if no immediate treatment can be found. This infection occurs in the case of a rare complication with cataract surgery or a penetrating eye injury. This type can also be caused by mold that penetrates the eye. However, it mostly has been reported only in tropical regions.

Trachoma
Related to Chlamydia trachomatis, this type is rarely found in the US. It is very prominent in under-developed countries and is the primary cause of blindness in those regions. In unsanitary environments, flies can spread this infection. Usually, trachoma infects the inner eyelid, which can develop scars. Oral antibiotics and good hygiene are key to controlling trachoma.

These symptoms, types, and causes of common eye infections and diseases should help keep you informed about possible threats to your eye health and eyesight. If you experience any symptoms, it is advisable to consult an ophthalmologist immediately.