When diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the person should keep in mind that there are no specific tests to diagnose the condition. The doctor will instead focus on dismissing or ruling out other conditions before arriving at multiple sclerosis. This is known as differential diagnosis and a thorough examination coupled with medical history might be in order. While there is no cure for multiple sclerosis (MS), lifestyle changes and certain medications can help manage the symptoms and eliminate any potential side effects you may experience.

This article examines some treatment options available for multiple sclerosis:

1. Treatment for attacks stemming from MS
Treatment is focused on increasing recovery time from any attacks, ensuring the disease does not progress and symptoms are effectively managed. Corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation of the nerves. Drugs like prednisone or intravenous methylprednisolone are given, and they do come with some side effects. These include insomnia, fluid retention, sudden mood swings, and problems with blood pressure. Plasma exchange may be in order. Plasmapheresis is advised wherein the plasma or the liquid part of the blood is separated from the blood cells. Subsequently, the blood cells are mixed with a protein solution referred to as albumin replaced in the body. This procedure is usually recommended if a response to corticosteroids has been poor or the symptoms are aggressive and the condition is new.

2. Treatments to stop MS progression
When it comes to multiple sclerosis treatment, the FDA has approved a drug called ocrelizumab, which forms a part of disease-modifying therapy or DMT. This treatment reduces the chances of the disease spreading compared to non-users. However, this therapy is only for primary-progressive MS. For patients that experience a relapse, there are several DMTs that are available. The immune response is part of the early stages and aggressive treatment can reduce the relapse rate significantly and slow new lesions from forming. It is important to note that the side effects of these DMTs are extensive, and the treatment will depend on the duration and severity of the disease, child-bearing status, and cost and effectiveness of the previous medication. Some other treatment options include injectable medications for relapsing-remitting MS:

• Beta interferons are injected under the skin or the muscle, and these reduce the frequency and intensity of any relapses. They do come with side effects and many patients experience flu-like symptoms. They also exhibit some reactions to the medication at the site of the injection. Liver enzymes will need to be monitored through blood tests as liver damage is also a potential side effect. Some people may also develop neutralizing antibodies that reduce the effectiveness of drugs.
• Glatiramer acetate is also injected below the skin and is used to manipulate your immune system so that it does not attack myelin. Skin irritation is a common side effect reported by people.

You are advised to consult a physician and discuss the various treatment options available depending on the severity of the condition.